If Your Bottle Of Mangosteen Capsules Do Not Contain the Words "Freeze Dried" On The Label, You Are Wasting Your Money & Not Getting The Full Health Benefits
What Is Freeze Drying
Freeze drying refers to the process of taking biological material which is naturally high in water, freezing it and then extracting the ice from that material. Freeze drying is the only process known to preserve biological material in its entirety without destroying the fruits’ or vegetables’ enzymes and nutrients.(1) If your bottle of mangosteen capsules does not say “freeze-dried,” then do not buy them as you are not getting the full health benefits.
At Natural Home Cures, we place our mangosteen in a temperature and pressure-controlled environment. Specifically, the pressure is lowered to such a large degree that the ice in the mangosteen "sublimates" - turns from solid to gas, bypassing the liquid phase. The result is a stable substance with a long shelf life that is lightweight and that maintains its nutritional content. In order to understand how freeze-drying works, we need to explore how the relationship between temperature and pressure affects states of water.(2)
When we use the term- "states of water", we are referring to the solid, liquid, and gas states of water that we are all familiar with. For example, water in its solid state is ice, water in its liquid state is water, and water in its gaseous state is steam.
If you need help envisioning this concept try the following thought experiment: Imagine you are holding a block of ice, now imagine placing that block of ice into a pot hanging above a fire. Gradually, the fire heats the ice until you’re left with a pot of water. What once was solid is now liquid, the scientific term for this is called a “phase change.” The water has changed phases from solid to liquid. Now imagine leaving the water in the pot with the fire still roaring underneath. Eventually, the water will start to boil and evaporate into steam. This is another phase change, from liquid to gas.
In the example above, the only thing we added to the ice to cause the phase changes was heat. The pressure, or the force that is exerted on us by the gases in the atmosphere, remained the same. But pressure can have a profound effect on phase changes. Atmospheric pressure affects how long it takes for a substance to move through the various states of matter. As a rule, low temperatures and high pressures favor a solid state while high temperatures and low pressures favor a gaseous state. This is the reason why water boils faster at higher elevations than lower elevations. The lower pressure conditions of high elevations shift the boiling point of water. But pressure can be manipulated to create an even more dramatic effect in phase change called sublimation. This is where water changes phases from a solid directly to a gas: If the pressure is sufficiently low even in the absence of high heat, ice will sublimate.(2)
Below, we will break down the stages for freeze-drying which are: pretreatment, freezing, primary drying, and secondary drying.
Pretreatment
In this stage, the mangosteen is readied to be freeze dried. We cut our mangosteen into smaller pieces and then ground it up so it's easier to freeze dry and encapsulate. (3)
Freezing
The freezing stage is a crucial step in the preservation process. The entire point of freeze-drying is to preserve the nutrients, antioxidants and other complex natural compounds found in our mangosteen supplements. In order to achieve this, the mangosteen must be frozen very quickly. If the freezing process is too slow, large ice crystals will form which will destroy the nutritional value of our mangosteen product.
To understand the reason large ice crystals destroy nutritive value we need to delve into what makes our mangosteen supplement beneficial in the first place. It is the 3D structure of the molecules in our mangosteen that give it its health benefits. Remember that most organic material contains a large amount of water which will readily turn into ice crystals if exposed to temperatures below freezing. If large ice crystals are formed during the freezing process, they will destroy the 3D structure of the molecules in which they form.(3)
For a concrete example of this, think about what happens when you leave a can of soda in the freezer overnight. Because of the unique properties of water, the liquid in the can expands as it freezes. As the water in the soda freezes, the total volume of the soda increases which causes the frozen solution to burst out of the can. The can is no longer a large enough container for its contents. The result—a permanent deformation of the soda can.
The soda can, for example, is a macroscopic version of the microscopic event which occurs within the molecules of a frozen supplement. If we think of the can as representing the 3D shape of a beneficial molecule and the soda as the water content of that molecule, it’s not hard to imagine that the same type of deformation that happened to the soda can will happen to a waterlogged molecule; the difference is simply a matter of scale.
How do we avoid large ice crystals? In short, we freeze our mangosteen quickly. In order to accomplish this task, the mangosteen is placed in a machine which rapidly cools it -100 degrees Fahrenheit. After this, we move on to the primary drying stage.
Primary Drying
In this stage, the frozen mangosteen is transferred to a chamber in which the pressure and temperature can be controlled. The pressure is lowered to around 0.8 torr (a measure of pressure) at which point the ice begins to leave the material via sublimation. This process takes a few days as high amounts of heat cannot be used without damaging the nutrient content of the supplement. During this stage, most of the water is removed from the mangosteen. (3)
Secondary Drying
During secondary drying, the pressure is lowered even further and the temperature is increased slightly in order to remove any liquid water still remaining in our mangosteen. After the secondary drying process is complete, our Natural Home Cures Freeze Dried Rich Pericarp is ready to be consumed. (3)
Why bother taking the water out of our mangosteen in such a time-intensive manner? In a word, preservation. Wet materials or materials with their water content intact spoil much quicker than dry materials. Further, dry materials are lighter and thus less expensive to ship to you, our valued clients. Again, if we didn’t care about the nutritional content of our mangosteen, we could just use hot air or the sun dry them like 99.9% of the other nutritional companies selling their mangosteen capsules.
We don’t use those two methods of dehydration because high heat destroys the 3D shape of molecules (albeit via a different mechanism than ice crystals do) which in turn destroys the health benefits and what would be the point of that? Yet most consumers buy mangosteen capsules that are not freeze-dried thinking they are getting the same nutritive quality when they are not. (4)
Freeze drying is a technical and finicky process but the end result is a stable, long-lasting, and higher quality product that can only be found at Natural Home Cures.
Source References
(1) Food Navigator - Freeze Drying Fruit Is Top Technique For Retaining Nutrients
(2) Perdue University - Phases
(3) Wikipedia - Freeze Drying
(4) SP Scientific - Freeze Drying Lyophilization Basics